Apple Computer 1 , also known later as Apple I , or Apple-1 , is a desktop computer released by Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc..) in 1976. It was designed and created by Steve Wozniak. Wozniak's friend, Steve Jobs, had the idea of ​​selling computers. Apple I was Apple's first product, and to finance his creation, Jobs sold his only transportation vehicle, VW Microbus, for a few hundred dollars, and Steve Wozniak sold his $ 500 HP-65 Calculator; however, Wozniak says that Jobs plans to use his bicycle if necessary. It was shown in July 1976 at Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California.
Production was discontinued on 30 September 1977, after the introduction of June 10, 1977 of its successor, Apple II, the Byte magazine referred to as part of the "1977 Trinity" of personal computing (together with PET 2001 and TRS-80).
Video Apple I
Histori
On March 5, 1975, Steve Wozniak attended the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club in Gordon French's garage. He was so inspired that he immediately started working on what would become an Apple I computer. After building it for himself and showing it at the Club, he and Steve Jobs gave the scheme (technical design) to the computer to interested club members and even helped some of them build and test copy. Then, Steve Jobs suggested that they design and sell one circuit board scratched and silkscreened - just a blank board, no electronic components - that people can use to build computers. Wozniak calculated that having a board design laid out would cost $ 1,000 and manufacturing would cost $ 20 per other board; he hopes to recoup if 50 people buy a board for $ 40 each. To finance this small business, their first company, Jobs sells his van and Wozniak sells his HP-65 calculator. Soon afterwards, Steve Jobs arranged to sell "something like 50" fully-built computers to a $ 500 each-store Byte Shop (computer store in Mountain View, California). To fulfill the $ 25,000 order, they earned $ 20,000 in sections on 30 net days and delivered the finished product within 10 days.
My Apple went on sale in July 1976 at a price of US $ 666.66 , because Wozniak "likes repetitive numbers" and because of the one-third markup at a wholesale price of $ 500.
The first unit produced was used in high school math classes, and was donated to the Liza Loop public access computer center. About 200 units are produced and all except 25 are sold for nine or ten months.
The terminal circuit of Apple I computer in it is very different. All it takes is a keyboard and a television set. Competitor machines like the Altair 8800 are generally programmed with toggle switches mounted on the front and use indicator lights (red LEDs, most often) for output, and must be extended with separate hardware to allow connections to computer terminals or teletypewriter machines. This makes Apple I an innovative machine for his time. In April 1977, the price dropped to $ 475. It went on sale until August 1977, despite the introduction of Apple II in April 1977, which began shipping in June of that year. In October 1977, Apple I was officially discontinued and removed from Apple's price list. Since Wozniak is the only person who can answer most customer support questions about computers, the company offers Apple I owners discounts and trades for Apple II to persuade them to return their computers. The restored boards were later destroyed by Apple, contributing to their scarcity today.
Maps Apple I
Collector item
In 2013, 63 Apple I computers have been confirmed there. Only six have been verified to be in working condition.
Both Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak have stated that Apple does not provide serial numbers to Apple l. Some boards have been found with a numbered sticker affixed to them, which seems to be an inspection sticker from the PCB/assembler manufacturer. A number of boards are known to have hand-written figures with permanent black markers on the back; this usually appears as "01-00 ##" and anecdotal evidence indicates they are inventory control numbers added by Byte Shop to Apple batch that sell them. These Byte Shop Bytes are often mistakenly described as serial numbers by the auction house and related press coverage.
AS. The museum displays the original Apple Computer 1
- Computers & amp; American Robotics Museum in Bozeman, Montana.
- Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California
- The Smithsonian American History Museum in Washington DC
- Live Computer: Museum Labs in Seattle, WA
Clones and replicas
Several clones and replicas of Apple I have been released in recent years. These are all created by fans and marketed to fan/collector communities. Availability is usually limited to jogging in response to demand.
- Replica 1: Made by Vince Briel. Software-compatible clones, manufactured using modern components, were released in 2003 for around $ 150.
- PE6502: Made by Jason Putnam. Single board computer kits made with all production components through holes and current. Running Apple 1 "Integer BASIC", a clone of AppleSoft BASIC (floating point capable), Wozmon and Krusader - all built-in ROMs. 32k RAM, and Parallax Propeller terminal. Apple compatible software 1. putnamelectronics.com
- A-One: Made by Frank Achatz, also uses modern components.
- Obtronix Apple I reproduction: Made by Steve Gabaly, using original or equivalent components. Sold through eBay.
- Mimeo 1: Made by Mike Willegal. Hardware kits designed to replicate genuine Apple as accurately as possible. Buyers are expected to assemble the kit itself.
- Newton 1: Made by Michael Ng and released in 2012. Items similar to Mimeo 1, but is made using the same materials and the same outdated processing techniques commonly used in the 1970s. More than 400 boards, kits and boards are assembled sold. There is a version of Newton NTI and non-NTI available.
- Brain Board, plug in firmware board for Apple II which, with the optional "Wozanium Pack" program, can replicate Apple-1 functionality.
- Replica by MDesk. A copy of Apple's original PCB accuracy 1 was researched in 2012 - 14. Some PCBs without components sold for $ 26 by 2014.
Emulation
- Apple 1js, a web-based Apple I emulator written in JavaScript.
- MESS, a multi-system emulator capable of emulating Apple I.
- OpenEmulator, an accurate emulator from Apple I, ACI (Apple Cassette Interface) and CFFA1 expansion cards.
- Pom1, Apple's open source I emulator for Microsoft Windows, Arch Linux and Android devices.
- Apple 1 Emulator, emulator for home computer SAM CoupÃÆ'Â ©.
- CocoaPom, Java-based emulator with Cocoa front end for Macintosh.
- Sim6502, Apple I emulator for Macintosh.
- Green Delicious Apple-1, emulator for Commodore 64.
See also
- The computer museum
- Computational history
- History of computer science
References
- Notes
External links
- blog Bugbook Computer Museum. Apple Screen 1.
- Apple I Owners Club
- Apple I Operational Manual
- The Apple I Project at www.sbprojects.com
- Apple 1 Computer Registry
- Macintosh Prehistory: Apple I
- LCF Historical Collection - Apple 1 Video
- John Calande III blog - Building an Apple I clone, including a correction on Apple Computer's early history
- Apple 1 Computer is sold at auction for $ 671,000
- Apple 1 Short Film
- Apple-1 BASIC card firmware designed by John Calande. Check out the work videos here.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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