A matryoshka doll (Russian: ???????? , IPA: Ã, [m? 'tr ??? k?] Ã, ( listen ) ), also known as Russian nesting doll , stacking a doll , or Russian dolls, is a set of wooden dolls of smaller size placed one inside the other. The name "matryoshka" (???????), literally "little warden", is a small form of the first Russian woman's name "Matryona" (???????) or "Matriosha".
A set of matryoshka consists of a wooden figure separating, top from the bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same kind inside, which, in turn, is another figure in it, and so on.
The first Russian nesting set was made in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin of design by Sergey Malyutin, who is a folk handicraft artist in Abramtsevo. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, wearing nerves, a long and unformed traditional Russian farmer's jumper dress. The numbers in it may be one of the sexes; The smallest and deepest doll is usually a baby who is deflected from a piece of wood. Most of the art is in the painting of every doll, which can be very complicated. Dolls often follow the theme; themes can range from fairy tale characters to Soviet leaders. In the west, Matryoshka dolls are often mistakenly referred to as "babushka dolls ", babushka meaning "grandmother" or "old lady".
Video Matryoshka doll
Histori
The first Russian nesting doll series was carved in 1890 by Vasily Zvyozdochkin and designed by Sergey Malyutin, who is a folk handicraft painter at the Abramtsevo plantation Savva Mamontov, a Russian industrialist and patron of the arts. The doll device was painted by Malyutin. Malyutin doll set consists of eight dolls - the outermost is a girl in a traditional dress that holds the rooster. The inner doll is a girl and a boy, and the baby is the deepest.
Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Different sources in the doll description, depicting it as a round doll, a daruma doll, depicting an old bald monk, or a nesting doll of Seven Lucky Gods.
Savva Mamontov's wife presented a puppet at the Exposition Universelle in Paris, where the toy gained a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were made in several places in Russia and shipped all over the world.
Maps Matryoshka doll
Themes in the doll
Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow certain themes; for example, peasant girls in traditional dress. Initially, themes are often taken from tradition or fairy tales, according to the craft tradition - but since the late 20th century, they have embraced a larger range, including Russian leaders.
Modern artists create many styles of nesting dolls. Common themes include flowers, Christmas, Easter, religion, collection of animals, portraits and caricatures of famous politicians, musicians, athletes, astronauts, "robots," and popular movie stars. Today, some Russian artists specialize in painting matryoshka themed dolls that feature certain subject, person or nature categories. Areas with the famous matryoshka style include Sergiyev Posad, Semionovo (now Semyonov city), Polkhovsky Maidan, and Kirov.
Matryoshka Politics
In the late 1980s and early 1990s during Perestroika, freedom of expression allowed Soviet leaders to become the common theme of matryoshka, with the largest doll featuring the then leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It became very popular at the time, lovingly earning the nickname "Gorby", the namesake of Gorbachev. With the succession of the Russian leadership following the collapse of the Soviet Union, a newer version will begin featuring Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, and Dmitry Medvedev.
Most sets feature the current leader as the largest doll, with a decrease in the size of its predecessor. The remaining little dolls may feature former leaders such as Leonid Brezhnev, Nikita Khrushchev, Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, and sometimes some historically significant tsars such as Nicholas II and Peter the Great. Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko almost never appear because of the short period of time each. However, some less common sets may present today's leaders as the smallest dolls, with ever growing predecessors, usually with Stalin or Lenin as the largest dolls.
Some devices that included Yeltsin before Gorbachev were made during a brief period between the establishment of the RSFSR President and the collapse of the Soviet Union, as both Yeltsin and Gorbachev were simultaneously in prominent government positions. During Medvedev's presidency Medvedev and Putin can share the biggest dolls because Putin still has an important role in the government as Prime Minister of Russia. When President Putin's re-election as Russian President-4, Medvedev will usually replace Yeltsin and predate Putin in order to accumulate, because the role of Putin only as the biggest doll.
Matryoshka politics typically ranges between 5 and 10 puppets per set.
World record
The largest set of matryoshka dolls in the world are 51 sets hand-painted by Youlia Bereznitskaia from Russia, completed in 2003. The tallest dolls in sets size 53.97 cm (21.25 inches); the smallest, 0.31 cm (0.12 inches). Arranged side by side, the puppet range is 3.41 meters (11 ft 2.25 inches).
As a metaphor
Matryoshka is used metaphorically, as a design paradigm, known as the "matryoshka principle" or "the principle of a nesting doll". It shows a recognizable relationship of "object-in-like-objects" that appears in the design of many natural objects and other created. Examples of this use include the matrioshka brain, Matroska media container format, and the Russian Doll model of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
Onion metaphor has a similar character. If the outer layer is peeled off the onion, a similar onion is in it. This structure is used by designers in applications such as layering clothing or table design, where smaller table nests are in larger tables, and smaller ones in them.
See also
References
External links
- Media associated with Matryoshka dolls on Wikimedia Commons
[[Category: Products introduced in 1890
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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