Relocating structures is the process of moving structures from one location to another. There are two main ways for the structure to be moved: disassembly and then reorder in the required destination, or transport it entirely. For the latter, the building was first raised and then can be pushed on a temporary rail or doll if the distance is short. Otherwise, the wheel, like a pickup truck, is used. These steps can be complicated and require removal of prominent building parts, such as chimneys, as well as obstacles along the way, such as cables and trees overhead.
The reasons for moving various buildings from commercial reasons such as landscapes, to preserve important or historic buildings. Moving can also be done only with the wishes of the owner, or to separate the building from a plot of land standing on it
Video Structure relocation
Equipment
Lifting the whole structure is usually done by installing a temporary steel frame under the structure to support the structure. A network of hydraulic jacks placed under the frame and controlled by an integrated jacking system, lifting the structure from the foundation. The older lower technological method is to use a jack called a screw jack or jackscrew that is rotated manually.
With both types of piracy systems described here, wooden beams called baby cribs, cradles or box boxes are stacked into piles to support the structure and jack as gradually lifted structures. Once the structure is at a sufficient height, a flatbed truck or hydraulic doll is placed under a steel frame to support a move to its final destination. After the move the structure is reversed reversing the steps that have just been applied.
Maps Structure relocation
Reasons for moving structures
There are several reasons why the structure can be moved. For example, redevelopment, such as urban regeneration, can lead to relocation. In addition, it has been purchased and buyers want to move it, for reasons like the view from the building. The owner may also sell the land where the building is lit, but still build it.
Another reason for building relocation is preserving it for historic importance. Examples of such preservation are the Lin An Tai Historical House in Taiwan. Such a move could be done because a building is in danger at its present location.
On the island of Chiloe, in Chile, there is a tradition of mobile homes if the original site is haunted. The house is placed on a tree trunk and dragged to a new location by the ox.
Important moves
The overall movement
London's famous monument, Marble Arch (1847) was originally the entrance to the newly rebuilt Buckingham Palace. After the expansion of Buckingham Palace, he was moved to a location near Hyde Park, with work completed in 1851.
To save a tree, Mustafa Kemal AtatÃÆ'¼rk, the first President of the Turkish Republic, moved his summer house, Yalova AtatÃÆ'¼rk Mansion, four meters to the east in 1936.
In 1950, the company Compania TelefÃÆ'³nica de Mexico (Mexico Telephone Company) located in the city of Guadalajara was moved 11.8 meters without interruption of telephone operation. Build weight of 1,700 metric tons. The project started in May and ends in November 1950. The movement of the building itself takes 5 days. The head of the project was Jorge Matute Remus, construction engineer and headmaster of Universidad De Guadalajara at the time.
The Cudecom Building in BogotÃÆ'¡, Colombia (7,000 Metric Ton Weight, Move Distance: 95 Feet); moved in October 1974 using Steel Rollers. The 8-storey building was moved west to build the road. Steps from the Cudecom Building are in the Guinness Book of World Records for 30 years. This structure was the heaviest building that ever moved successfully until the Gang Fu Building in China was moved in 2004. Moving the Cudecom Building Part 1 Moving the Cudecom Building Part 2
The Gem Theater and the Century Theater, both housed in the same building in Detroit, were moved five blocks on wheels to their new location at 333 Madison Avenue on October 16, 1997, due to the development of Comerica Park area when it became the home of the Detroit Tigers. At a distance of 563 meters (1,847 ft) it is the farthest known relocation of a sizeable building that created a world record by Expert House Movers, LLC.
Relocation structures were common in the 1980s in Romania due to the Ceausescu building projects. Many buildings, including churches and older apartment blocks are used for relocation using hydraulics. One of the most notable achievements achieved was on May 27, 1987, when an entire 7600 Ton apartment block was split into two and completely relocated, with people going inside, without any damage. To this day the building still stands, and it is one of the most challenging relocations around the world.
As part of the construction of Shubert Minnesota Performing Arts and Education Center, Shubert Theater was moved between February 9, 1999 and February 21, 1999. The 2,638-ton (2,596-ton) building was moved by three city blocks and the heaviest recorded building on wheels..
The Belle Tout 850 ton lighthouse was built in 1831 near the edge of a cliff on the west coast of Beachy Head, East Sussex, England. It was moved more than 17 meters (56 feet) farther inland in 1999 due to cliff erosion. This is driven by four hydraulic coils along four steel and concrete blocks to a new site designed specifically to allow for possible future relocations.
In 1999, Cape Hatteras Lighthouse as high as 208 feet (257 meters), 2540 tons was displaced 2,900 feet (880 m) to protect it from being damaged by coastal erosion. When the North Carolina lighthouse was built in 1870, it was over 1,500 feet (460 m) from the sea, but by 1935 the beach had eroded and the waves were just 100 feet (30 m) long. Beginning in 1930, many attempts to stop erosion were attempted, including adding more than one million cubic meters of loose sand, massive sandbags, and steel and concrete walls. After almost 70 years, it became clear that combating erosion was a never-ending battle, and a decision was made to move the lighthouse away from the sea.
Ramses II's 3,200-year-old statue in Cairo was moved on August 25, 2006 from Ramses Square to a new museum site. The statue is slowly damaged by pollution and is in an area where it is difficult for people to visit. The sculpture, which measures 11 meters (36 feet) tall and weighs about 83 tons (91 short tons) is broadcast live on Egyptian television. Transported intact on the back of two trucks, the statue had previously been cut into eight pieces when removed from its excavation site in the mid-1950s.
In June 2008, the Hamilton Grange National Memorial, 1802 of Alexander Hamilton's home in New York City, was moved from a narrow spot on Convent Avenue to a larger setting overlooking West 141st Street near St. Louis. Nicholas Park, where it is currently undergoing a complete restoration. This is the second time the 298 ton mansion has been moved. In 1889, the relocation was moved from its original location on West 143rd Street to a church property two blocks away.
The Nathaniel Lieb House (1969), by architect Robert Venturi, was moved by a barge from Long Beach Island, New Jersey to Glen Cove, New York in 2009.
In April 2013, due to construction work on Fuzuli Road, the famous Baku millionaire's home, Isa Bey Hajinski, in Baku (Azerbaijan), built in 1908, was moved 10m to protect it as a historical and architectural monument. The weight of this building is 18,000 tons. It was the heaviest building in the world that ever moved.
William Walker House, built around 1904, was moved 500 feet away when the new owner, Thomas Tull, decided to preserve the house rather than destroy it. The move took place in August 2016. The house was designed by architect Longfellow, Alden & amp; Harlow.
Pada 21 Desember 2016, bagian dari Belleview-Biltmore Hotel direlokasi dan ditempatkan di sebuah yayasan baru di mana ia akan diubah menjadi sebuah penginapan dengan ruang acara, ruang es krim, dan ruang sejarah.
Peremajaan kembali
The Warder Mansion, the only Washington, DC building still alive by architect HH ​​Richardson, was rescued from demolition in 1923 by George Oakley Totten, Jr. Totten bought an exterior stone - except the main door, which reportedly went to the Smithsonian Institution - and much more than wood interior, and transported, piece by piece, in his Model T Ford. He replaced the building about 1.5 miles north of the original site, and turned it into an apartment house.
In 1925, Thomas C. Williams Jr. bought a 15th century Tudor noble home, Agecroft Hall, which stands on the banks of the Irwell River in Pendlebury, England. The hall was dismantled, confined and transported to Richmond, Virginia, where it was reassembled as a Tudor estate center on the banks of the James River. The Warwick Priory of the 16th century in Warwick, England was bought by Alexander and Virginia Weddell in 1926, and relocated in the same way. Architect Henry G. Morse watched the two movements. He designed an addition to the re-arranged monastery, inspired by Sulgrave Manor and Wormleighton Manor. The expanded building was renamed Virginia House, and stood next to Agecroft Hall.
The newspaper king William Randolph Hearst bought and attempted to relocate two Cistercian monasteries during his travels in Spain, but was not completed during his lifetime. The first was built around 1141, and was found abandoned by Hearst in 1925. He purchased the wreckage and attempted to deliver it to his home in California, San Simeon. The casket, however, was detained by customs officers in New York City, and due to its worsening financials during the Great Depression, Hearst could not complete the shipment. The stones were purchased in 1951 and reassembled in Florida as a tourist attraction. In 1964, the building was purchased by the local Episcopal diocese and returned to its original destination as St. Bernard de Clairvaux.
Hearst's second attempt at relocating a monastery was in 1931, when he discovered the enclosed Monastery of Santa Maria de Ovila, built around 1200. He bought the building, dismantled it and managed to deliver it to San Francisco, but was unable to rebuild the monastery. Hearst eventually gave the stone to the city of San Francisco, where they sat for decades at Golden Gate Park. Eventually some stones were obtained by Abbey of New Clairvaux in Vina, California, where they are currently being reconstructed; others are now used as decorative accents at San Francisco Botanical Gardens.
Abu Simbel is an archaeological site consisting of two large stone temples completed in 1244 BC, on the west bank of the Nile River in southern Egypt. The construction of the Aswan High Dam will drown the temples beneath the waters of Lake Nasser. In 1959, an international donation campaign began to save the Nubian monument: the southernmost legacy of this ancient human civilization. The rescue of the temple of Abu Simbel began in 1964, and cost US $ 80 million. Between 1964 and 1968, the entire site was cut into large blocks, dismantled and reassembled at new sites - 65 m taller and 200 m back from the river, which by many considered one of the greatest achievements in archaeological engineering. Today, thousands of tourists visit the temple every day. Convoys guarded from buses and cars depart twice daily from Aswan, the nearest town. Many visitors also come by plane, at a special airfield built for the temple complex.
On April 18, 1968, John Rennie's London Bridge (which had replaced the original bridge in 1831) was sold to American businessman Robert P. McCulloch of McCulloch Oil for $ 2,460,000. The bridge was reconstructed in Lake Havasu City, Arizona, and opened on October 10, 1971. Not all of the bridges were transported to America, as some were left behind in lieu of taxes. The version of London's rebuilt Bridge at Havasu Lake consists of a concrete skeleton with stones from the old (but not original) London Bridge used as a cladding. It includes a canal that leads from Lake Havasu to Thomson Bay, and forms the center of a playground in English style, complete with a Tudor-mock shopping center. This bridge became one of the largest tourist attractions in Arizona.
The Old Wellington Inn (1552) and Sinclair's Oyster Bar, two of Manchester's oldest buildings in England, dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, have their foundations increased 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m) when the Shambles market Square was restored in the 1960s. They were near the bombing of Manchester 1996. As part of the rebuilding, they were dismantled and transferred 100 m northward to the new Shambles Square, next to Manchester Cathedral. Initially two buildings consisted of one row, but they were rebuilt 90 degrees each other and connected with new construction.
Museum collection
Some museums, especially open-air museums, move historical buildings into their neighborhoods, with some dedicated to show what life was like in the previous century called life history.
Museums that have been transporting and reconstructing old buildings and structures include:
- Avoncroft Museum of Historic Buildings, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England; centered on a collection of buildings that had to be relocated from their original site and restored, along with a fully functional windmill, a prefab 1940s, and a national collection of telephone wartel in the UK.
- Beamish Museum, Stanley, County Durham, England; shows what life was like in the northern city at the beginning of the 20th century.
- Black Country Life Museum, Dudley, West Midlands, England; forty-two separate screens, including homes, shops, and public buildings rebuilt to create an early 20th century street.
- The Cloisters, New York City, an offshoot of the Metropolitan Art Museum dedicated to the art and architecture of the Medieval Europe.
- Greenfield Village (Henry Ford Museum), Dearborn, Michigan, which contains many significant historical buildings from across the United States, as well as 17th century agriculture from the Cotswold, England.
- Kirkland Museum of Fine & amp; Art Decorations, Denver, Colorado, move the studio painter & amp; Vance Kirkland; the art school building (built 1910-1911 to Henry Read Student Art School) to its new location eight blocks west on the 12th & amp; Bannock in Denver on November 6, 2016.
- Landis Valley Museum, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, collection of Pennsylvania German houses and early industrial buildings.
- The History Park at Kelley Park, San Jose, California, features historical buildings that have been moved from their original locations. The History Park is an indoor/outdoor museum, designed to imitate a small town in the United States from the 19th century with both the historic and historical buildings of great importance.
- Holland Contracting ltd, West Midlands, UK, Having had 40 years experience in historical structure and building relocation, they are a private commercial organization that offers services to the industry. www.hollandcontracting.co.uk
- Old Sturbridge Village, Sturbridge, Massachusetts, a newly created New England village with 40 structures.
- Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, a museum featuring several historic buildings that have been relocated, including Yin Yu Tang , the last of the Qing dynasties of southwestern China.
- St Fagans National History Museum near Cardiff, Wales is composed almost entirely of relocated buildings from around Wales, aiming to perpetuate the lifestyle, culture and architecture of the Welsh people.
- Shelburne Museum, Shelburne, Vermont, village with 25 relocated historic buildings and a 220-foot steamship Ticonderoga .
- Strawbery Banke, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, historic harbor environmental museum. Although most Colonial and Federal style buildings are in in situ , some are transferred for preservation.
- The Woodman Institute, Dover, New Hampshire, has 1675 William Damm Garrison House, New Hampshire's oldest garrison house, transferred to the museum's yard in 1915 from elsewhere in the city.
- The Weald and Downland Open Air Museum, Singleton, Sussex, England, has nearly 50 historic buildings relocated from the Southeast that date from the 12th century to the 19th century.
Tower relocation
In the past, it was not uncommon to stand freely like a guyed radio tower that was demolished and rebuilt on another site. In some cases they are rebuilt just a few meters from their original site, but elsewhere are far from their original site. In the first case the tower is almost all part of the directional antenna system for long and medium waves where the regulation of the direction pattern is changed and the best way to fulfill it, is to build a new tower or to dismantle one tower and rebuild it on the new site. It was also done that the tower was demolished and then used for the top of the new radio tower. This was done for example with a pole at Donebach Shippers in 1982 and with Transmitter wood tower Ismaning in 1934. After World War II several radio towers in former East Germany were dismantled by Soviet occupants and rebuilt in the former Soviet Union, the most famous example in here is the Goliath transmitter. It is also common that power lines are dismantled and rebuilt in new locations. Also the small observation tower built of steel is sometimes dismantled for renovation and then rebuilt.
The highest structure ever relocated is the BREN Tower. In 1959, a 280 meter radio mast was transferred to Felsberg-Berus without demolition.
Financing build relocation
Although smaller projects are usually paid in cash, major projects such as relocating homes to new sites are usually financed by banks. Finance is often a major problem faced by project managers because homes must be paid before leaving the site at this time, but lenders for the project can not take over home security until it finishes and on the new site. This creates short-term cash flow problems that cripple many projects.
See also
- Lloyd's building
- Parachute jumps, Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York
- Hunting Island Light
- Cape Canaveral Light
- Baltic Exchange
- Cooks' hut
- BREN Tower
- Goliath transmitter
- Europe long wave transmitter 1
- Bodenseesender
- Category: Relocated buildings and structures
References
External links
- The International Structural Drivers Association
- Monster Moves Television Series Made by Windfall Films Following Buildings On The Move
- "Moved Buildings for Museums: not an easy solution"
- "Moving Cape Hatteras Lighthouse"
- Article and Picture of the Cape Hatteras Relocation Lighthouse - US Department of State, National Park Service - information on Cape Hatteras lighthouse movement as high as 880 meters in the Outer Banks of North Carolina
- "The German Church is rolling into a new home" on BBC News, October 23, 2007
- Smith, James Walter (June 1897). "How buildings are moved". Strand Magazine . London: Newnes. 13 (78): 681-689 . Retrieved December 6, 2010 .
- "Moving House in Chicago". Journal of Employment Employees . Winchester. 3 (20): 40. February 1, 1890 . Retrieved December 6, 2010 . < span> Ã, Includes statistics like about 100 companies in Chicago. Cost: Small frame house $ 200/mil; House brick $ 1/foot.
- "[La Plant-Choate house-moving trucks] Ad". Building Age and Builder Journal . New York: Age Building. 44 (12): 82. December 1922 . Retrieved December 6, 2010 .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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