Lake Tahoe ( ; Washo: dÃÆ'¡? aw) is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada, United States. Lying at 6,225 feet (1,897 m), it straddles the country line between California and Nevada, west of Carson City. Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America, and at 122,160,280 acre ft (150,682,490 dam 3 ) the road is only five Great Lakes as the largest volume in the United States. Its depth is 1,645 feet (501 m), making it the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon (1,945 feet (593 m)).
This lake formed about 2 million years ago as part of the Lake Tahoe Valley, with a modern level that formed during the ice age. Known for its water clarity and panoramic views of the surrounding mountains on all sides. The area around the lake is also referred to as Lake Tahoe , or just Tahoe . Over 75% of lake watersheds are national forest lands, comprising the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit from the US Forest Service.
Lake Tahoe is a major tourist attraction in Nevada and California. It is home to winter sports, outdoor recreation, and sights enjoyed throughout the year. Snow and ski resorts are an important part of the economy and reputation of the region. The Nevada side also boasts a large casino, with a highway that provides year-round access to the entire area.
Video Lake Tahoe
Geografi Edit
Lake Tahoe is the second deepest lake in the US, with a maximum depth of 1,645 feet (501 m), following the Crater Lake of Oregon at 1,949 feet (594 m). Tahoe is the 16th deepest lake in the world, and the fifth deepest depth in the average depth. Its length is about 22 miles (35 km) wide and 12 miles (19 km) and has 72 miles (116 km) of coastline and a surface area of ​​191 square miles (490 km 2 ). The lake is so large that its surface feels convex because of the curvature of the earth. On the surface of the lake, the opposite shoreline is below the horizon at its widest part; by nearly 100 feet (30 m) at maximum width, and about 320 feet (98 m) along its length. Visibility may be somewhat different from atmospheric refraction.
About two-thirds of the coastline is in California. The south coast is dominated by the largest lake city, South Lake Tahoe, California, adjacent to the town of Stateline, Nevada, while Tahoe City, California, is located on the northwestern shore of the lake. Although the highway runs in a lake lake view to many of Tahoe's perimeters, many important parts of the coastline are located in a state park or protected by the US Forest Service. The Lake Tahoe Watershed from 505Ã, sqÃ, mi (1,310Ã, km 2 ) includes the area of ​​land that flows into the lake and divides the Tahoe Lake drainage across the area common with Tahoe Rim Trail.
Lake Tahoe is fed by 63 tributaries. It dries the area of ​​the same size as the lake and produces half the water, with the balance of entry as rain or snow falling just above it.
The Truckee River is the only way out of the lake, flowing northeast through Reno, Nevada, into the Pyramid Lake which has no outlet. It accounts for a third of the water leaving the lake, the rest evaporating from the vast surface of the lake. Truckee River flow and lake heights are controlled by the Lake Tahoe Dam at the outlet. The natural rim is at 6,223 feet (1,897 m) above sea level, with a spillway on the dam that controls the spill. The maximum legal limit, in which the lake can be allowed up to store water, is at 6,229.1 feet (1,898.6 m). Around the New Year 1996/1997, a river melts from the atmosphere of Pineapple melting snow and causing lakes and rivers to overflow, flooding Reno and surrounding areas.
Maps Lake Tahoe
Natural history Edit
Geology Edit
The Lake Tahoe Basin is formed by vertical (normal) faulting movement. The raised blocks create the Carson Range in the east and the main Sierra Nevada summit in the west. Down-down and half-grabens created the Lake Tahoe Basin between the two. This type of error is the geological characteristic of the Great Basin adjacent to the east.
Lake Tahoe is the youngest of some of the extensional basins of the Walker Lane deformation zone that accommodates nearly 12 mm/year of sliding decraction between the Sierra Nevada-Great Valley Block and North America.
Three major faults form the valley of Lake Tahoe: West Tahoe Fault , aligned between Meyers and Tahoe City, and which is a local segment of the Sierra Nevada Fault, stretching on the north and south shores of these areas; Stateline/North Tahoe Fault , starts in the middle of the lake and creates the help that makes up Stateline, NV; and Incline Village Fault , which runs parallel to the Stateline/North Tahoe Fault offshore and into Incline Village. The West Tahoe fault appears to be the most active and potentially dangerous fault in the basin. A study at Fallen Leaf Lake, just south of Lake Tahoe, uses seabed mapping techniques to illustrate the evidence of paleoearthquakes in West Tahoe and reveals the last quake between 4,100 and 4,500 years ago. Subsequent research revealed submarine landslides in the Fallen Leaf Lake and Lake Tahoe suspected to be triggered by an earthquake on the West Tahoe fault and the timing of this incident indicated a repetition interval of 3,000-4,000 years.
Some of the highest peaks of Lake Tahoe Basin formed during the creation of Lake Tahoe are Freel Peak at 10,891 feet (3,320 m), Monument Peak at 10,067 ft (3,068 m), Pyramid Peak at 9,984 ft (3,043 m) (in Wilderness Desolation) and Mount Tallac at 9,735 feet (2967 m). The north coast offers three peaks at 10,000 feet: Rose Mountain at 10,785 feet (3,287 m), and Houghton and Peak Relays. Mt. Rose is a very popular hiking and skiing destination.
The eruption of an extinct volcano of Mount Pluto forms a dam on the north side. The melting of the snow fills the southern and lowest parts of the basin to form the ancestors of Lake Tahoe. Rain and added water runoff.
The Sierra Nevada adjacent to Lake Tahoe is carved by glaciers exploring during the Ice Age, which began a million or more years ago, and retreated ~ 15,000 years ago at the end of the Pleistocene. Glacier carved canyons that today are iconic landmarks such as Emerald Bay, Cascade Lake, and Fallen Leaf Lake, among others. Lake Tahoe itself never holds the glaciers, but the water is stored by the Miocene volcanic deposits.
The soil basin is derived mainly from andesitic volcanic rock and granodiorite, with a small area of ​​metamorphic rock. Some low valleys and hillsides are coated with glacial moraines, or glacial leaching materials derived from the mother rock. Sandy soil, rocky outcrops and rubble and rocky colonies account for over 70% of the land area in the basin. Soil basins (in & lt; 2 mm fraction) are generally 65-85% sand (0.05-2.0 mm).
Given the substantial depths of Lake Tahoe, and the normal fault location in the deepest part of the lake, modeling shows that earthquakes on these faults can trigger a tsunami. The height of the tsunami wave is estimated to be in the order of 10 to 33 feet (3 to 10 m) in height, capable of traversing the lake in just a few minutes. The massive collapse of the western basin that formed the Bay of McKinney some 50,000 years ago is thought to have produced a tsunami/seiche wave with a height approaching 330Ã, ft (100 m).
Climate Edit
Lake Tahoe has a dry summer continental climate ( Etc in the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification), featuring warm and dry summers and cold winters with regular snowfall. The average annual rainfall ranges over 55Ã, "(1440 mm) for the basin on the western side of the basin up to about 26Ã,¼ (660 mm) near the lake on the east side of the basin. Much of the rain falls like snow between November and April, although a thunderstorm combined with the snow account is fast for the greatest flood. There is annual melt snow runoff in late spring and early summer, the time varies from year to year. Within a few years, the summer monsoon storm from the Great Basin brought heavy rain, especially to the plateau on the northeast side of the basin.
August is usually the warmest month at Lake Tahoe Airport (an altitude of 6,254 feet, 1,906 m) with a maximum average of 78.7 Â ° F (25.9 Â ° C) and a minimum average of 39.8 Â ° F (4, 3%) Ã, Â ° C). January is the coolest month with a maximum average of 41.0Ã, Â ° F (5,0Ã, Â ° C) and a minimum average of 15.1Ã, Â ° F (-9.4Ã, Â ° C). A maximum of 99 ° C (37.2 ° C) was recorded on July 22, 1988. The all-time minimum of -16 ° F (-26.7 ° C) was recorded on December 9, 1972. Temperature exceeded 90 ° F (32 , 2 Â ° C) averages 2.0 days per year. The minimum temperature of 32Ã, Â ° F (0Ã, Â ° C) or lower occurs an average of 231.8 days per year, and a minimum temperature of 0 °, Â ° F (-17.8 °, Â ° C) or lower occurs an average of 7.6 days per year. Frozen temperatures have occurred in every month of the year.
Ecology Edit
Vegetation in the basin is dominated by mixed conifer forests of Jeffrey pine ( Pinus jeffreyi ), lodgepole pine ( P. contorta), white fir ( Abies concolor ), and red fir ( A. magnifica ). The basin also contains wet grassland areas and significant riparian areas, dry pastures, brush fields (with Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus) and rock outcrops, especially at higher altitudes high. Ceanothus is able to fix nitrogen, but alder mountain ( Alnus tenuifolia ), which grows along many streams, springs and seeps, fixes much larger amounts, and contributes measurably for N-nitrate concentrations in some small streams. Lake Tahoe Beach is the only known habitat for the rare yellowcress of Lake Tahoe ( Rorippa subumbellata), a plant that grows in wet sand between low and high water marks.
Every fall, from late September to mid-October, mature kokanee salmon ( Oncorhyncus nerka ) changes from silvery blue to fiery vermilion, and runs Taylor Creek, near South Lake Tahoe. As the spawning season approaches, the fish gets a humped and protruding jaw. After their spawning dies and carcasses they provide parties for meetings of mink ( Neovison vison ), bear ( Ursus americanus ), and bald eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus i>). Non-native Salmon was transplanted from the North Pacific to Lake Tahoe in 1944.
The North American Beaver ( Castor canadensis ) was reintroduced into the Tahoe Valley by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and the US Forest Service between 1934 and 1949. Derived from no more than nine individuals, the 1987 beaver populations on the Upper and Lower Truckee Rivers have reached a density of 0.72 colonies (3.5 otters) per kilometer. At this time, the beavers have been spotted in Tahoe Keys, Taylor Creek, Meeks Creek in Meeks Bay on the west coast, and Kings Beach on the north coast, so the original nine otter breeds seem to migrate across most of Lake Tahoe. Recently recent physical evidence has shown that beavers originated from the Sierra until at least the middle of the nineteenth century, through the radiocarbon dating of beaver dune timbers dismantled by an inner drain in the River Feather basin. The report was supported by a summary of indirect evidence from beavers including reliable observer reports about beavers in several watersheds from the north to the southern Sierra Nevada, including its eastern slopes. The documented records of beavers that live historically in the Lake Canyon water catchment area of ​​North Canyon Creek over Glenbrook include descriptions of Spooner Meadow farmer Charles Fulstone who employed a guard to control beaver populations in the early 20th century. A recent study of Taylor Creek shows that beaver dams reduce wetland habitats, increase river flow, and increase total phosphorus pollutants entering Lake Tahoe - all factors that negatively impact lake water clarity. In addition, the beaver dam located at Ward Creek, located on the western shore of Lake Tahoe, has also been shown to reduce downstream nutrients and sediments.
Cold temperatures of the lake and extreme depth can slow down the rate of decomposition of organic matter. For example, a diver is found at a depth of 300 feet (90 m) 17 years after getting lost, with his body perfectly preserved.
Human history Edit
Native Edit
The area around Lake Tahoe was previously inhabited by the Native American Washoe tribe. Lake Tahoe is the center and heart of the Indian Washoe region, including the upper valley of Walker, Carson, and Truckee Rivers. The English name for Lake Tahoe comes from the word Washo "dÃÆ'¡'aw," which means "The Lake."
Exploration and naming Edit
Lieutenant John C. Frà © mont was the first person of European descent to see Lake Tahoe, during Fremont's second expedition expedition on 14 February 1844. John Calhoun Johnson, the Sierra explorer and founder of "Johnson's Cutoff" (now the US 50 Route) named Fallen Leaf Lake after his Indian guide. Johnson's first job in the west was in government service, carrying letters in snowshoes from Placerville to Nevada City, during which time he named the lake "Bigler Lake" in honor of California's third governor John Bigler.
In 1853 William Eddy, a California surveyor general, identified the lake as Bigler Lake. During the Civil War, Union proponents objected to the name, because Bigler was a breakaway. Therefore, the US Department of State introduced the name Tahoe in 1862. Both names were used: the legislature passed a law declaring the official name to become Lake Bigler in 1870, while for most surveys and the general public is known as Lake Tahoe. The lake did not receive its official and final appointment as Lake Tahoe until 1945.
Mining era Edit
After discovering gold in the South Fork of the American River in 1848, thousands of gold seekers went west past the nearby basin on their way to the goldfield. European civilization first made its mark in the valley of Lake Tahoe with the discovery of 1858 Comstock Lode, a silver deposit just 15 miles (24 km) east in Virginia City, Nevada. From 1858 until about 1890, logging in the basin gave large wood to support the underground workings of the Comstock mine. The felling is so vast that logging cuts almost all of the original forest.
Lake Tahoe became a transportation hub for the surrounding area as mining and logging began before the construction of the railroad. The first letter delivery was made via a sailboat that took a week to visit each of the lakeside communities. The first steamboat in Lake Tahoe was a 42ft (13m) tall steering wheel Governor of Blasdel that crashed into a raft to sawmill on the south side of Glenbrook Bay from 1863 until its boiler exploded in 1877. 40-foot (12 m) Truckee and 55-foot (17 m) driven propeller Emerald was also towing log rafts in 1870. JA Todman carries steam-powered passengers to Lake Tahoe in 1872 with a 100-foot (30 m) 125-foot passenger vessel the Governor of Stanford which reduced the mail delivery trip around Lake Tahoe to eight hours. Todman extends service with Steamship Mamie , Niagara , and Tod Goodwin . Lawrence & amp; Comstock gave competition to their Tallaz steamship steamship vessel in 1890 and then bought the Todman Mamie and Tod Goodwin steam vessels. Carson and Tahoe Lumber and Fluming Company purchased 83-foot (25 m) Niagara and constructed the hulled vessel Meteor in 1876 and Emerald (II) > in 1887. The 75-foot (23 m) Meteor is the fastest boat on Lake Tahoe at 22 miles (35 km) per hour. Lake Tahoe Railway and Transportation Company dominated the passenger and lane routes after the launch of their 200-passenger steamer Tahoe on June 24, 1896. 154-ton Tahoe is 170 feet 52 m) long with 18-foot slim light (5.5 m) so the engine of 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) can push it over the lake at 18.5 knots. Lake Tahoe Railway and Transportation Company purchased Tallac and rebuilt it as Nevada with an increase of up to 20 feet (6.1 m) to serve as a backup steamboat when Tahoe requires care.
Todlywin was burned in Tallac, and most of the other steamers were retired when the sawmill was out of trees and people started traveling in cars. Niagara was dumped in Tahoe City in 1900. Governor Stanford stranded in Glenbrook where his kettle was used until 1942 heating cabins at Glenbrook Inn and Ranch. Steamboat continued to carry postal officers around Lake Tahoe until 1934, when a letter contract was given to a 42-foot (13 m) Marian B motorboot powered by two Chevrolet engines. The mail delivery moved ashore after Marian B disappeared on May 17, 1941 with its owner and mail officer trying to send mail during the storm. The 60-foot (18 m) Emerald (II) left Lake Tahoe in 1935 to become a fishing boat in San Diego. Historic Tahoe , Nevada , and Meteor were purchased in the hope that they might be preserved; but drowned in deep water after damage makes preservation impractical. The last two lay in Glenbrook Bay, but Development Edit
Even in the mining era, the potential of the basin as a tourist destination is recognized. The town of Tahoe was founded in 1864 as a resort community for the City of Virginia.
The public appreciation of the Tahoe valley grew, and during the congress sessions of 1912, 1913 and 1918, members of the congress sought unsuccessfully to establish the basin as a national park.
Although Lake Tahoe is a natural lake, it is also used for water storage by the Truckee-Carson Irrigation District (TCID). The lake level is controlled by Lake Tahoe Dam built in 1913 on the only lake, the Truckee River, in Tahoe City. An 18-foot (5.5 m) dam can increase the lake capacity by 744,600 acres ft (918,500,000 m 3 ).
During the first half of the 20th century, the construction around the lake consisted of several holiday homes. The post-World War II population and development of the boom, followed by the construction of gambling casinos in the Nevada section of the basin during the mid-1950s, and the completion of the interstate highway links for the 1960 Winter Olympics held at Squaw Valley, resulted in a dramatic increase in development within basin. From 1960 to 1980, the population of permanent housing increased from about 10,000 to more than 50,000, and the summer population increased from about 10,000 to about 90,000. Since the 1980s, development has slowed due to controls on land use.
Government and politics Edit
Interstate Limit Disputes Edit
Lake Tahoe is divided by the prominent interstate borders between California and Nevada, where both edges of the state make their direction icons near the center of the lake. This limit has been disputed since the mid-nineteenth century.
As part of a compromise in 1850, California was quickly accepted in the Union. Thus, the congress approves the California Constitution which defines the boundary of the country in reference to geographic coordinates. This includes part of the meridian 120 which lies between the 42 parallel on the Oregon border to the 39th parallel in the middle of Lake Tahoe, and the slash continues from that point southward to where the Colorado River crosses the 35th parallel. Fourteen years later, the congress approved the Constitution of Nevada when it was recognized as a state in 1864, defining its western border at forty-three degrees West of Washington D.C. and the southwest border along the sideways section of the California border. While 43 degrees west longitude of the Washington Meridian does not exactly coincide with 120 degrees west longitude from Greenwich, the 1864 Congress is the belief that the two lines are identical; the last to be abandoned nationally in 1884. The centuries-old dispute that erupted began with border discrepancies in many surveys where there were precious mineral deposits; Nevada also had a desire that California would agree to surrender its land east of the Pacific Crest as it had been pre-authorized by the congress in 1850. The first important effort to mark the California-Nevada border was the 1863 J.F line. Houghton and Butler Ives. A survey of 1867-1868 from the California-Oregon border by Daniel G. Major for the Public Land Office found 120 meridians over two miles west of the previous line, followed by a 1872 survey by Allexey W. Von Schmidt. Against the initial instructions, Von Schmidt began a survey with the 1872 California-Nevada State Boundary Marker which is six tenths of a mile east of the Houghton-Ives line. When he found the Colorado River has shifted in the 35th parallel, he simply changed the endpoints that resulted in a survey that was not straight or accurate. Substantial hesitation led the congress in 1892 to finance the US Coastal and Geodetic Survey to comment on the slash. The new survey found Von Schmidt's line to be 1,600 to 1,800 feet too far west, but both surveys were later used by both states. Not surprisingly, the combination of 1893 C.G.S. the survey slash and the well-marked north-south line by Schmidt do not intersect exactly at the 39th parallel as mandated by the California Constitution. Congress lacks the constitutional power to unilaterally move the boundaries of the state.
The natural resource wealth between Sierra Crest and the easternmost part of the survey line created creates a strong source for conflict. The large mining sites in the Tahoe area are in disputed territory. In the striking appearance of opportunism as if it were still "officially" untouchable, the settlers boasted parts of California to the irregular slopes of the Sierra Crest, miles and miles east of the border - defined by more than six years before - in an effort to create Nataqua Territory. An armed combat known as the Sagebrush War included a firefight that was exchanged between militias. Even after six surveys, conflicts remain between them, if any, that are legally binding in marking the boundary; this was partly heard by the United States Supreme Court in 1980, where the doctrine of approval was approved.
The limits specified in terms of geographic coordinates are theoretically correct, but pose a pragmatic challenge to apply. Where certain coordinates are actually located on the surface of the earth depends on the Earth figure. In the mid-1800s Bessel ellipsoid in 1841 or Clarke ellipsoid in 1866 was widely used; ellipsoid Hayford in 1910 can later be used by the United States Coastal and Geodetic Survey. The standard elipsoid for western countries in 1849 - which is generally the same as the Almanac Astronomy version of the year - is implicit in California's constitutional constitutional definition; the incessant discovery of new datums by new and potentially interested parties does not redefine the old boundary definition. Assuming the beginning of the earth's back-in-time technique, modern satellite survey techniques can pinpoint the location and turn it into an old ellipsoid up to in centimeters. The heavenly navigation technique is the opposite, accurate to two-fifths of a mile; Uncertainty on the latter is known, but precision then can not be obtained.
The legacy of this dispute continues. There is an official monument in the form of a federal monument that marks the border of California slant, which is now surrounded by Edgewood Tahoe golf resorts that are claimed and taxed by Nevada. Google Maps shows California's border grazing through Harrah's Casino. Of the three interstate roads on the south coast, the border is only labeled warmly on Route 50 AS in lowercase. Created from land within the dispute zone, the Van Sickle Bi-State Park opened in 2011, but this is not California State Park.
Unbeknown to the negotiators, this compromise split Lake Tahoe: two thirds for California, a third for Nevada. In California, Lake Tahoe is shared between Placer County and El Dorado County. In Nevada, Lake Tahoe is shared between Washoe County, Douglas County and Carson City (independent city).
Growth Edit
As the population grew and development expanded in the 1960s, the question of protecting lakes became more important. In 1969, the US Congress and the State Legislatures of California and Nevada created a unique compact to share resources and responsibilities. The Compact established the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA), a two-state agency responsible for environmental protection from the Basin through land use regulations and planning. In 1980, the US Congress changed the Compact with public law 96-551. The law establishes a new agency, Tahoe Transportation District (TTD), to facilitate and implement regional improvements and additions to the protection, restoration and use of lakes. The schism between the two institutions and local residents has led to the formation of grassroots organizations that adhere to a more rigorous environment.
Historic location Edit
Lake Tahoe is also the location of some of the majestic houses of the 19th and 20th centuries that have historical significance. The Thunderbird Lodge built by George Whittel Jr. has included almost 27 miles (43 km) from the Nevada coastline. Vikingsholm is an original settlement in Emerald Bay and includes a tea and 38-room house. Ehrman Mansion is a summer home built by former president Wells Fargo at Sugar Pine Point and now a state park.
Environmental issues Edit
Water quality Edit
Although land use planning and waste water exports are processed from basins, lakes are becoming increasingly eutrophic (with excessive nutritional wealth), with primary productivity rising by more than 5% annually, and clarity declining at an average rate of 0.25 meters per year. Until the early 1980s, nutritional-limiting studies indicated that primary productivity in lakes was limited nitrogen. Now, after half a century of accelerated nitrogen input (mostly from direct atmospheric deposition), lakes are phosphor-limited. Theodore Swift et al., Concluded that "suspended inorganic deposits and phytoplanktonic algae both contribute significantly to the reduction of clarity, and that delayed particulate matter, rather than dissolved organic matter, is the dominant cause of the loss of clarity." The largest source of fine sediment particles to Lake Tahoe is the runoff of municipal rainwater, comprising 72 percent of the total fine particle particles. Recent research shows that the urban highlands also provide the greatest opportunity to reduce fine sediment particles and the contribution of phosphorus to the lake. A historical clarity of about 30 meters can be achieved with a total reduction of about 75 percent of urban sources.
Historically, Lake Tahoe clarity continued to decline until 2010, when the average depth of Secchi, 64.4 feet, was the second lowest ever recorded (the lowest was 64.1 feet in 1997). This is a 3.7 meter drop from the previous year. However, the clarity of the lake increased from 2011 to 2014, up nearly 20 percent.
A study of water quality by the Lahontan Water Quality Control Agency and Nevada Environmental Protection Division determines the largest source of fine sediment particles: 71 percent is the erosion and runoff of developed areas (urban areas), many of which are related to infrastructure and transport services.
Lake Tahoe is a river drainage element in the Truckee River Valley, and the only channel out is the Truckee River, which continues into the Pyramid Lake. Due to the water quality sensitivity of the Truckee River (involving two protected species, cui-ui fish and Lahontan fish), this drainage basin has been extensively studied. The main investigation was stimulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency, which funded the development of a DSSAM model for analyzing water quality under Lake Tahoe.
Lake Tahoe never freezes. Since 1970, it has been mixed to a depth of at least 1,300 feet (400 m) a total of 6 or 7 times. Dissolved oxygen is relatively high from top to bottom. Analysis of temperature records in Lake Tahoe has shown that the lake is warmed (between 1969 and 2002) with an average of 0.015 Â ° C per year. Heating is mainly caused by an increase in air temperature, and the second with increasing long-wave radiation down. The tendency of heating is to reduce the frequency of deep mixing in lakes, and may have important effects on water clarity and nutrient cycles.
Ecosystem changed Edit
Since the 1960s, food webs in lakes and zooplankton populations have undergone major changes. In 1963-1965, oposum shrimp ( Mysis diluviana ) was introduced to increase the supply of food for the introduced Kokanee salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ). Shrimp began feeding on cladocerans lakes (Daphnia
In June 2007, Angora Fire burned approximately 3,100 hectares (1,300 ha) across South Lake Tahoe. While the impact of ash on the lake ecosystem is predicted to be minimal, the impact of potential future erosion is unknown.
Environmental protection Edit
Until recently, construction on the shores of the Lake is largely under the control of real estate developers. Construction activity has resulted in turbidity of blue lake water. Currently, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency is organizing construction along the shoreline (and has won two Federal Supreme Court battles over recent decisions). These rules are not popular for many residents, especially those in the Tahoe Lakefront Homeowners Association.
The League to Save Lake Tahoe (Keep Tahoe Blue) has been a neighborhood watchdog in the Lake Tahoe Valley for 50 years. Founded when a proposal to build a four-lane highway around the lake - with a bridge over the entrance to Emerald Bay - was proposed in 1957, the League has opposed many development projects in the area, which it alleges is harmful to the environment. The League embraces the responsible and diversified use of Lake resources while protecting and restoring its natural properties.
Since 1980, the Lake Tahoe Inter-City Monitoring Program (LTIMP) has measured flow discharge and nutrient and sediment concentrations in up to 10 river flows in Lake Tahoe Basin, California-Nevada. The objective of LTIMP is to acquire and disseminate water quality information needed to support environmental planning and science-based decision making in the basin. LTIMP is a collaborative program with support from 12 federal and state agencies with interests in the Tahoe Valley. These data sets, together with the recent data on the quality of urban runoff water, are used by Lahontan County Water Quality Control Bodies to develop a program (mandated by the Clean Water Act) to limit the flux of nutrients and fine sediments to the Lakes.
UC Davis remains the main bodyguard of the lake. UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center is dedicated to research, education and public outreach, and to provide objective scientific information for the recovery and sustainable use of Lake Tahoe Basin. Each year, he produces well-publicized "State of the Lake" ratings reports.
Travel activities Edit
Most of the areas around Lake Tahoe are devoted to the tourism industry and there are many restaurants, ski slopes, golf courses, and casinos that serve visitors.
Winter sports Edit
During the ski season, thousands of people from all over Nevada and California, including Reno, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, San Diego, San Francisco, and Sacramento, flock to the slopes to ski down the hill. Lake Tahoe, beside the beauty of the panorama, is famous for its snow storms.
Some of the major ski areas in Tahoe include:
- Heavenly Mountain Resort: the largest ski area in California and Nevada, located near Stateline
- Squaw Valley: the second largest ski area, known for hosting the 1960 Winter Olympics, is located near Tahoe City
- Alpine Meadows: medium sized ski area on the north coast just a few miles from Squaw Valley
- Diamond Peak: small ski area located in Incline Village, Nevada
- Northstar California: popular north coast ski area
- Kirkwood Mountain Resort: a ski area that gets more snow than any other ski area in the Tahoe area
- Sierra-at-Tahoe: middle south coastal ski area
- Boreal Mountain Resort: small ski area in Donner Pass
- Sugar Bowl Ski Resort: Intermediate ski area at Donner Pass
- Donner Ski Ranch: a very small ski area on the Donner Pass
- Homewood Mountain Resort: medium sized ski area on the west coast
- Mount Rose Ski Resort: medium-sized ski area in northeast Lake, on Slide Mountain
The majority of ski resorts in the Lake Tahoe region are at the north end of the lake, near Truckee, California and Reno, Nevada. Kirkwood, Sierra-at-Tahoe, and Heavenly are located on the south side of the lake, 55-75 miles (90-120 km) from Reno. Scattered throughout Tahoe is a public and private sledding park. Some, such as Granlibakken are equipped with straps to help the sled ride up the hill.
Many ski areas around Tahoe also have snow pipes, such as the Squaw Valley. All of Tahoe, cross-country skiing, snowmobile riding, and snowshoeing are also popular.
Water sports Edit
During late spring to early fall, the lake is popular for water sports and beach activities. The two most well known cities with Lake Tahoe resort are South Lake Tahoe, California and the smaller Stateline; Smaller centers on the northern shoreline include Tahoe City and Kings Beach.
Other popular activities include parasailing, jet ski rentals, and eco-friendly rowing sports rental. There is a rental location located around Lake Tahoe. Kayaks and rowboards are also becoming very popular.
Boating is a prime activity in Tahoe in the summer. This lake is home to one of the country's most prestigious wooden boat shows, Lake Tahoe Concours d'Elegance, held every August. There is a lake front restaurant across the lake, most equipped with docks and buoys (see the restaurant section). There are a variety of boating activities, such as sailboat racing, fireworks show over the lake, guided excursions, and more. As an interstate waterway, Lake Tahoe is subject to the Coast Guard of the United States. Lake Tahoe is home to the Lake Tahoe Coast Guard Station.
SCUBA Diving is very popular in Lake Tahoe, with several dive sites offering dramatic drops or dives on the walls. Diving in Lake Tahoe is considered advanced due to the increased risk of decompression (DCS) disease while diving at such altitudes.
Fred Rogers became the first person to swim along Lake Tahoe in 1955, and Erline Christopherson became the first woman to do so in 1962.
Hiking and biking Edit
There are many hiking trails and mountain biking around the lake. They range in length, difficulty and popularity. One of the most famous trails in Tahoe is the Tahoe Rim Trail, a 165 mile (270 km) long track that encircles the lake. Just to the west of the lake is the Granite Chief Wilderness, which provides hiking and camping in the desert. Also, to the southwest is the very popular Wilderness Desolation. One of the most popular trailheads used to access this popular destination is the Eagle Lake Trailhead, located near Emerald Bay on the western shore of Tahoe. The Flume Line on the east coast is one of the Top 10 Trails at Mountain Biking Magazine in the US. There are also many paved off-road bike paths that weaved through communities on all sides of the lake.
Gambling Edit
Gambling is legal on the Lake Tahoe side of Nevada. The casino, each with a variety of slot machines and table games, is located on the South Coast at Stateline, and on the North Coast at Crystal Bay and Incline Village.
When Nevada legalized gambling in 1931, the first casino on the lake has been open for many years. First constructed on the North Shore in Crystal Bay by Robert Sherman in 1926, the Calneva cabin belonged to Norman Henry Biltz and sold to Bill Graham and Jim McKay in 1929.
Calneva was rebuilt after a fire in 1937 and expanded several times, most noticeably in 1969 when high-rise hotels were built. Along the way, Frank Sinatra owned the property in the early 1960s, sharing his cabin with the likes of Sam Giancana and Marilyn Monroe, and sold out at the peak of the region's popularity.
Other casinos on the North Shore include the Crystal Bay Club, first built in 1937 as Ta-Neva-Ho; Tahoe Biltmore, and Nugget. Hyatt Regency can be found in Incline Village.
At South Shore, Bill Harrah buys the Stateline Country Club, which has been established since 1931 and built Harrah's Tahoe. Other casinos include the Hard Rock Hotel and Lake Tahoe Casino, Harveys Lake Tahoe, Montbleu, and Lakeside Inn.
Transportation Edit
Lake Tahoe can be reached directly by car, and indirectly by train or air. The nearest passenger train service is the Amtrak station in Truckee, and is serviced by the Amtrak, California Zephyr, bus that runs daily between Chicago and the San Francisco Bay Area. The nearest scheduled passenger flight service is available through Reno-Tahoe International Airport (RNO).
Highway Edit
Visitors can reach Lake Tahoe in ideal conditions within two hours of the Sacramento area, an hour from Reno or thirty minutes from Carson City. In winter, chains or snow tires are often needed to reach Tahoe from all directions. Traffic can be heavy on weekends due to tourists if not also from the weather.
The main route to Lake Tahoe is on Interstate 80 via Truckee, Route 50 US, and State Route Nevada 431 via Reno. Most of the highways that access and surround Lake Tahoe are two-lane mountain roads. US 50 is a four-lane highway (from the American Fores American River canyon in Riverton, above Sierra Nevada in Echo Summit, and to Lake Tahoe Basin, is a mainly two-lane road) that passes south of the lake and along the east coast.
California State Route 89 follows the western shore of the lake through beautiful wilderness and connects camping, fishing and hiking locations such as Emerald Bay State Park, DL Bliss State Park and Camp Richardson. Further alongside are communities like Meeks Bay and Tahoe City. Finally, the highway turned from the lake and headed northwest toward Truckee.
California State Route 28 completes the circuitry from Tahoe City around the north coast to communities such as Kings Beach, Crystal Bay, and to Incline Village, Nevada where the road becomes Nevada State Route 28. Route 28 returns along the east coast to US 50 near Spooner Lake.
Airport main area Edit
- Reno-Tahoe/KRNO International Airport (Reno, Nevada)
- Sacramento International Airport/KSMF (Sacramento, California)
- Lake Tahoe Airport/KTVL (South Lake Tahoe, California)
- Truckee-Tahoe/KTRK (Truckee, California) Airport
- Minden-Tahoe/KMEV Airport (Minden, Nevada)
Community Edit
California Edit
Kabupaten Placer
- Carnelian Bay # 3
- Titik Dolar # 4
- Kings Beach # 1
- Kota Sunnyside-Tahoe # 5
- Tahoe Vista # 2
- Tahoma ( sebagian di El Dorado County ) # 6
El Dorado County
- South Lake Tahoe # 7
- Tahoma ( sebagian di Kabupaten Placer ) # 6
Nevada Edit
- Kota Carson # 14
Douglas County
- Glenbrook # 13
- Lakeridge # 11
- Logan Creek # 12
- Desa Round Hill # 8
- Skyland # 10
- Stateline # 17
- Zephyr Cove # 9
Washoe County
- Crystal Bay # 16
- Desa Incline # 15
Di media Edit
The Ponderosa Ranch from the Bonanza TV series was formerly located on the Nevada side of Lake Tahoe. The opening sequence of the TV series was filmed at McFaul Creek Meadow, with Mount Tallac in the background. In September 2004, Ponderosa Ranch closed its doors, after being sold to developer David Duffield at an undisclosed price.
The 1974 film The Godfather Part II used the Fleur de Lac lakeside as the scene of several scenes, including elaborate First Communion celebrations, Senator Michael's milling attempt, the assassination attempt on Michael, Michael who did not recognize Fredo, the funeral Carmela Corleone, the death of Fredo while fishing, and the closing scene of Michael sitting alone outside. Fleur de Lac, on the western shore of Lake Tahoe California, was once Henry Kaiser's estate. The surrounding lakeside area has been developed into a private fenced-in condominium community and several "Corleone compound" buildings still exist, including boat sheds.
The 2014 Last Weekly Movie, starring Patricia Clarkson and directed by Tom Dolby and Tom Williams, uses the lakeside house west of Ray and Dagmar Dolby as a prime location for the interior and exterior. The house, built in 1929, is also an exterior site for A Place in the Sun , starring Elizabeth Taylor and Montgomery Clift. The 1988 Movie Change of Things was also filmed here.
See also Edit
Notes Edit
References Edit
External links Edit
- Lake Tahoe Data Clearinghouse - USGS/Western Geographic Science Center
- The US EPA Lake Tahoe web page
- River Truckee River Council
- Tahoe Natural Science Institute
- Remote Meteorological Data Site of Lake Tahoe
- Lake Tahoe Watershed-California Rivers Rating database
- Lake Tahoe in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Lake Tahoe Resources, University of Nevada, Reno Library
- Picture Lake Tahoe, University of Nevada, Reno Library
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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