NEC Corporation ( ???????? , Nippon Denki Kabushiki Gaisha ) is a Japanese multinational information technology and product service provider, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions for business enterprises, communications service providers and government agencies, as well as the largest PC vendors in Japan since the 1980s. This company is known as Nippon Electric Company, Limited , before rebranding in 1983 only as NEC. The NEC Semiconductor business unit is one of the top 20 semiconductor sales leaders worldwide before joining Renesas Electronics. NEC is a member of Sumitomo Group.
Video NEC
Histori
1898 hingga 1919
Kunihiko Iwadare and Takeshiro Maeda founded Nippon Electric Limited Partnership on August 31, 1898 using the facilities they purchased from Miyoshi Electrical Manufacturing Company. Iwadare acts as a representative partner; Maeda handles company sales. Western Electric, which has an interest in the Japanese phone market, is represented by Walter Tenney Carleton. Carleton is also responsible for the renovation of Miyoshi facilities. It was agreed that the partnership would be reorganized as a joint-stock company when the agreement would allow it. On July 17, 1899, a revised agreement between Japan and the United States came into force. Nippon Electric Company Limited held on the same day as the Western Electric Company to become the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital. Iwadare is appointed as managing director. Ernest Clement and Carleton were named directors. Maeda and Mototeru Fujii are assigned to become auditors. Iwadare, Maeda, and Carleton handle the overall management.
The company started with production, sales and maintenance of phones and switches. NEC is modernizing its production facilities with the construction of the Mita Factory in 1901 at Mita Shikokumachi. Completed in December 1902.
The Ministry of Communications of Japan adopted a new technology in 1903: a common battery switchboard supplied by NEC. The battery switch is commonly mobile-powered customers, eliminating the need for a permanent magnet generator in each customer's phone. Switchboards were originally imported, but were manufactured locally by 1909.
NEC began exporting telephone to China in 1904.
In 1905, Iwadare visited Western Electric in the US to see the management and control of their production. Upon his return to Japan he suspended the sub-contract "oyakata" system and replaced it with a new system in which managers and employees were all direct employees of the company. Inefficiencies are also removed from the production process. Companies pay higher salaries with incentives for efficiency. New accounting and cost controls are installed, and clock time is installed.
Between 1899 and 1907 the number of telephone subscribers in Japan increased from 35,000 to 95,000. NEC entered the Chinese market in 1908 with the implementation of telegraph agreements between Japan and China. They also entered the Korean market, setting up offices in Seoul in January 1908. During the period 1907 to 1912 sales rose from 1.6 million yen to 2 million yen. The expansion of Japanese telephone services has been an important part of NEC's success during this period. This expansion will take a pause.
The Ministry of Communications postponed plans to expand its third telephone service in March 1913, despite having 120,000 potential telephone subscribers waiting for the installation of the phone. NEC's sales fell sixty percent between 1912 and 1915. During that time, Iwadare began importing equipment, including electric fans, kitchen utensils, washing machines, and vacuum cleaners. Electrical fans have never seen in Japan before. Import is meant to sustain the company's sales. In 1916, the government continued its delayed phone expansion plan, adding 75,000 customers and 326,000 kilometers of new toll lanes. Thanks to this third expansion plan, NEC expanded as most other Japanese industries contracted.
1919 to 1938
In 1919, NEC started its first association with Sumitomo, involving Sumitomo Densen Seizosho for producing cables. As part of the venture, NEC provides cable manufacturing equipment for Sumitomo Densen. Western Electrics duplex cable copyright is also transferred to Sumitomo Densen.
The Great Kant? the earthquake hit Japan in 1923. 140,000 people were killed and 3.4 million people homeless. Four NEC plants were destroyed, killing 105 NEC engineers and workers. Thirteen Tokyo phone offices were destroyed by fire. Telephone and telegraph services are disrupted by damage to telephone cables. In response, the Ministry of Communications accelerated major programs to install automatic telephone switching systems and entered radio broadcasts. The first automatic switching system is a Strowger type model made by Automatic Telephone Manufacturing Co. (ATM) in the UK. NEC participates in the installation of an automated switching system, which eventually becomes a general sales agent for ATMs. NEC developed its own Strowger-type automatic switching system in 1924, the first in Japan. One of the nearly flat plants during the Kanto earthquake, the Mita Factory, was chosen to support the expansion of production. The new three-story steel reinforced concrete building was built, beginning in 1925. It was modeled after Western Electric Hawthorne Works.
NEC started the radio communications business in 1924. The first radio broadcaster in Japan, Tokyo Radio was founded in 1924 and started airing in 1925. NEC imported broadcasting equipment from Western Electric. The expansion of radio broadcasting to Osaka and Nagoya marks the emergence of radio as an Industry. NEC set up a radio research unit in 1924. NEC began developing electron tubes in 1925. In 1930, they produced their first 500 W radio transmitters. They provided a Chinese Xinjing station with a 100 kW radio broadcast system in 1934.
The NEC-developed photo-telegraph equipment sent photographs of Emperor Hirohito's accession ceremony. The ceremony was held in Kyoto in 1928. The Asahi Shimbun and Mainichi Shimbun newspapers competed to cover the ceremony. Asahi Shimbun uses Siemens devices. The Mainichi plans to use French photo-telegraphic equipment. Ultimately, both papers obtain and use NEC products, due to faster transmission rates and higher image quality.
In 1929 Nippon Electric provided the Japanese Ministry of Communications with a type A switching system, the first of these systems to be developed in Japan. Nippon supplied the Japanese Ministry of Communications with unencumbered carrier equipment for long-distance telephone lines in 1937.
1938 to 1945
World War II was described by the company as the darkest day in its history. In 1938, the Mita and Tamagawa plants were placed under military control, with direct supervision by military officers. In 1939, Nippon Electric established a research laboratory at the Tamagawa plant. It became the first Japanese company to successfully test microwave multiplex communication. On December 22, 1941, enemy property control laws were passed. NEC shares owned by International Standard Electric Corporation (ISE), a subsidiary of ITT and Western Electric affiliates were confiscated. The capital and technical relations are suddenly cut off. The "Munitions Company Law" was passed in October 1943, putting the overall control of the NEC plant under military jurisdiction. The Ueno factory was flattened by a military offensive in March 1945. The fire bombings of April and May damaged the Tamagawa Factory, reducing its capacity by up to forty percent. The Okayama plant was completely destroyed by a bomb attack in June of the same year. At the end of the war, NEC's production has been substantially reduced by the damage to its facilities, and by material and personnel shortages.
1945 to 1980
After the war, production slowly returned to civilian use. NEC reopened its main factories in late January 1946. NEC began research and development of transistors in 1950. It began exporting radio broadcast equipment to Korea under its first postwar contract in 1951. NEC received the Deming Award for excellence in quality control in the year 1952. Computer research and development began in 1954. NEC produced the first switching system in Japan. It was installed in Nippon Telegraph and Telephone General Corporation (currently Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, NTT) in 1956. NEC started research and development along with NTT electronic switching system in the same year. NEC founded Taiwan Telecommunication Company as their first overseas joint venture in 1958. They completed the NEAC-1101 and NEAC-1102 computers in the same year. In 1959 NEC demonstrated their first transistor computer, NEAC-2201. They showed it at the UNESCO AUTOMATH exhibition in Paris. The company began research and development of integrated circuits in 1960. In 1963 NEC began trading as American Depositary Receipts, ten million shares sold in the United States. Nippon Electric New York (now NEC America Inc.) was established in the same year.
NEC supplied KDD with submarine cable systems for installation in the Pacific Ocean in 1964. They supplied PCM 24 short range carrier transmission equipment to NTT in 1965. NEC de Mexico, SA de CV, NEC do Brasil, SA, NEC Australia Pty. Ltd. established between 1968 and 1969. NEC supplied Comsat Corporation with its SPADE satellite communications system in 1971. In 1972, Switzerland ordered the NEC communications satellite earth station. That same year, a moveable satellite communications satellite station was established in China. NEC's common stock was listed on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in 1973. NEC also designed an automated broadcasting system for Japan Broadcasting Corporation in the same year. NEC Electronics (Europe) GmbH was also established. In 1974, ACOS series computers were introduced. The New Central Research Laboratories completed in 1975. In 1977, the Japan National Aeronautics Development Agency launched the NEC geostationary meteorological satellite, named Himawari.
During this period NEC introduced the concept of "C & amp; C", computer and communication integration. NEC America Inc. opened a factory in Dallas, Texas to produce PABX and telephone systems in 1978. They also acquired Electronic Arrays, Inc. of California in the same year to begin production of semiconductor chips in the United States.
1980 to 2000
In 1980, NEC created the first digital signal processor, NEC Ã,ÂμPD7710. NEC Semiconductors (UK) Ltd. founded in 1981, manufactures VLSI and LSI. NEC introduced the PC-8800 series PC PC in 1981, followed by 16-bit PC-9800 series in 1982. In 1983, NEC shares were listed on the Basel, Geneva, and Zurich, Switzerland exchanges. NEC quickly became the dominant leader of the Japanese PC industry, holding 80% market share. NEC changed its British company name to NEC Corporation in the same year. NEC Information Systems, Inc. began producing computers and related products in the United States in 1984. NEC also released V series processors in the same year. In 1986, NEC sent the SX-2 super computer to the Houston Advanced Research Center, The Woodlands, Texas. In the same year, NEAX61 digital switching system began operation. In 1987, NEC Technologies (UK) Ltd. established in the UK to produce VCRs, printers and computer monitors and cellular phones to Europe. Also that year, NEC licensed technology from Hudson Soft, a video game manufacturer, to create a video game console called PC-Engine (later released in 1989 as TurboGrafx-16 in the North American market). His successor, PC-FX, was released in Japan in 1994. While PC-Engine achieved many followers, it has been said that NEC holds a much stronger influence on the video game industry through its role as a leading semiconductor manufacturer than through one of its live video game products. NEC USA, Inc. was established in 1989 as a holding company for North American operations.
In 1983, Brazil's NEC (pt) , a Brazilian subsidiary of NEC, was forced to nationalize its company's shares under the orders of the Brazilian military government, in which NEC's controlling shareholder Brazil was handed over to private equity group Brasilinvest from banker investment Brazil, MÃÆ'¡rio Garnero. Since the foundation of NEC Brazil in 1968, it has become a major supplier of telecommunications equipment to the Brazilian government. In 1986, Communications Minister then AntÃÆ'Â'nio Carlos MagalhÃÆ'  ¢ es put the Brazilian NEC in financial difficulty by suspending all government contract payments to the company, whose main client is the federal government. With subsidiaries in crisis, NEC Corporation in Japan sells NEC Brazil to OrganizaÃÆ'§ÃÆ'Âμes Globo for just one Ã, million US dollars ($ 1,000,000 USD). Shortly thereafter, MagalhÃÆ'  © es went government contracts and corresponding payments, and the Brazilian NEC became worth more than 350 Ã, million US dollars ($ 350,000,000 USD). Suspicions about the NEC-Globo deal, which included, among others, unilateral contract violations by Globo co-founder Roberto Marinho on the management of a regional television station in the state of Bahia Brazil, took to the national stage only in 1992 when the first corruption indictment of Brazil's dismissed president Fernando Collor de Mello. OrganizaÃÆ'§ÃÆ'Âμes Globo then sold their stake in NEC Brazil, which peaked over time during the state monopoly years, returning to NEC Corporation in 1999 after the outbreak and privatization of Brazil's state-owned telegraph phone TelebrÃÆ'¡s.
In 1990, the new headquarters building, known as the "Super Tower", finished in Shiba, Tokyo. In addition, a joint-venture agreement was established to manufacture and market digital electronic switching systems and LSI in China. In 1993, the NEC asynchronous data transfer system (ATM), ATM NEAX61 Service Node (Nippon Electronic Automatic Exchange), began to be used in the United States. NEC Europe, Ltd. was established as a holding company for European operations in the same year. The NEC C & amp; C Research Laboratory, NEC Europe, Ltd. opened in Germany in 1994. NEC (China) Co., Ltd. was established as a holding company for Chinese operations in 1996. In 1997 NEC developed DRAM 4Gbit, and their semiconductor group was awarded with one The first Japanese Quality Award. In 1998, NEC opened the world's most advanced semiconductor R & D facility.
NEC has become no. 1 personal computer vendor in Japan during the 1980s, but faced increasingly fierce competition from Fujitsu, Seiko Epson and IBM Japan. However, in the early 1990s NEC was still the largest, having more than 50% market share in the Japanese market. Competition heats up after rival Fujitsu starts marketing its computer aggressively, which is an industry standard (x86) instead of NEC. In 1997, NEC's share was reduced to about 35%.
2000 to present
NEC celebrated their 100th anniversary in 1999. NEC Electronics Corporation was separated from NEC in 2002 as a new semiconductor company. NEC Laboratories America, Inc. (NEC Labs) began in November 2002 as a merger of the NEC Research Institute (NECI) and the NEC USA Computer and Communications Research Laboratory (CCRL). NEC built Earth Simulator Computer (ESC), the world's fastest supercomputer from 2002 to 2004, and has since produced NEC N343i in 2006.
In 2003 NEC had a 20.8% market share in the personal computer market in Japan, slightly ahead of Fujitsu.
In 2007, NEC and Nissan Co. Corp. began to evaluate joint ventures to produce lithium ion batteries for hybrid and electric cars.
On April 23, 2009, Renesas Technology Corp. and NEC Electronics Corp. reached a basic agreement to merge around April 2010. On April 1, 2010, NEC Electronics and Renesas Technology merged to form Renesas Electronics which is set to be the fourth largest semiconductor company according to iSuppli published data.
In Q3 2010, NEC holds a 19.8% market share in the PC market in Japan.
On January 27, 2011, NEC formed a joint venture PC with Chinese PC maker Lenovo, the world's fourth largest PC maker. As part of the deal, the company said in a statement they will establish a new company called Lenovo NEC Holdings B.V., which will be registered in the Netherlands. NEC will receive US $ 175 million from Lenovo through the issuance of Lenovo shares. Lenovo, through a unit, will own a 51% stake in the joint venture, while NEC will hold a 49% stake. In February 2011, Bloomberg News said the joint venture will allow Lenovo to expand in the server field, and NEC Masato Yamamoto said NEC will be able to grow in China.
On January 26, 2012 NEC Corporation announced that it will cut 10,000 jobs globally due to heavy losses on NEC's consolidated financial statements that are in line with the economic downturn in Europe and lags behind in the development of smartphones in the domestic market compared to Apple and Samsung. Previously, in January 2009 NEC has cut about 20,000 jobs, mainly in the slow semiconductor business and liquid crystal display business.
In 2013 NEC is the largest PC server manufacturer in Japan, with a share of 23.6%.
In August 2014, NEC Corporation was tasked with building a super-fast submarine data transmission cable connecting the United States and Japan to a consortium of international companies comprising China Mobile International, China Telecom Global, Global Transit, Google, KDDI and SingTel. The pipeline starts online 30 June 2016.
In April 2017, KEMET Corporation will purchase 61% NEC Tokin controlling shares from NEC, making NEC Tokin a wholly owned subsidiary. After the purchase is complete, the company will change its name to "Tokin Corporation".
Maps NEC
Operation
NEC has set up organizations around three major segments: IT solutions, network solutions, and electronic devices.
Business IT solutions provide computing solutions for business enterprises, governments and individual customers - in the form of software, hardware and related services.
Business network solutions design and provide broadband network systems, mobile and wireless communications network systems, mobile handsets, broadcasts and other systems.
NEC's electronic device business includes semiconductors, displays and other electronic components. NEC manufactures VERSA notebooks for international markets and LaVie series for the Japanese market.
Major subsidiaries of NEC include:
- NEC Corporation of America
- NEC Display Solutions of America Inc.
- NetCracker Technology Corp.
Products
- NEC MobilePro - a handheld computer running Windows CE
- NEC Aspire hybrid small business phone system
- Battery of electric vehicle (Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, joint company between Nissan, NEC Corporation, and NEC TOKIN)
- NEC phone (see NEC e616)
- NEC America MultiSync Monitor and Fax devices
- NEC Information Systems, Inc. LaVie/NEC VERSA notebook
- NEC Information Systems, Inc. POWERMATE desktop PC
- NEC Information Systems, Inc. Valuestar hybrid computer/NEC POWERMATE
- NEC (Unknown division) Stereos Car and Keyless Entry System
- PC Engine (TurboGrafx-16 in the US) and all associated hardware and routers; produced jointly by Hudson Soft.
- PC-FX
Defensive products include:
- J/TPS-102 Self-propelled ground-based 3D early warning radar (JGSDF)
- Broadband multipurpose radio system (JGSDF)
- Advanced Combat Infantry Equipment System [ACIES] (JSDF) - Major subcontractors
- Minefield system (JSDF) - Major subcontractor as part of ACIES
Laptop
- O.Zero laptop Supercomputer
- 1983 Announces the SX-1 and SX-2 supercomputers
- 1989 Introduction to SX-3
- 1994 SX-4's first announcement
- 1999 Shipping SX-5
- 2002 Introducing the SX-6
- 2002 Installation of the Earth Simulator, the world's fastest supercomputer from 2002 to 2004 reached a speed of 35,600 gigaflops
- 2005 NEC SX-8 in production
- 2006 Announced SX-8R
- 2007 Announced SX-9
- 2011 The first announcement of NEC SX-9's successor
- 2013 Announcing SX-ACE
- discovery of single-walled carbon nanotubes by Sumio Iijima
- the invention of MUX-scan designs that are widely used for test methodologies (in contrast to IBM's sensitive level-sensitive design scanning methodologies)
- the world's first demonstration of a one-qubit rotation gate in solid state devices.
- For phones, NEC pioneered major technologies such as color display, 3G support, dual screens, and camera modules.
- NEC Blue Rockets (male volleyball)
- NEC Red Rockets (women's volleyball)
- NEC Green Rockets (union rugby)
- Hudson Soft
- List of computer system manufacturers
- Turbografx 16
- Mark Mason, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development of Japan, 1899-1931, History of Business and Economics, Second Series, Sixteen Volume, 1987 .
- NEC Corporation, NEC Corporation, First 80 Years, 1984, ISBN 4-931172-01-6 .
- Official website
Achievements
NEC's achievements include:
In 2009, NEC topped the top four companies over the previous five years for the number of US patents issued, averaging 1764 annually.
Sponsors
NEC was the title sponsor of the Davis Cup competition until 2002, when BNP Paribas took over the sponsorship.
NEC between 1982 and 2012 sponsored the NEC Cup, a Go tournament in Japan.
NEC between 1986 and 2003 sponsored the NEC Shun-Ei tournament, Go for young players in Japan.
NEC sponsored Everton's English football club from 1985 to 1995. The FA Cup final victory of 1995 was Everton's last game of NEC sponsorship for a decade, and Danka took over as a sponsor.
NEC signed an agreement to sponsor the Sauber F1 Team from the 2011 season until the 2014 season.
NEC signed a new deal to sponsor the F1 Team of Sahara Force India for the 2015 season.
In April 2013, NEC became the umbrella sponsor for PGA Tour LatinoamÃÆ' Â © rica, a third-tier men's professional golf tour.
NEC is sponsoring V.League Volleyball.
Sports team
It started as a working team, but over the years came to include professional players:
NEC was also used to own Montedio Yamagata from football (football) J. League, but in 2009 only sponsored them along with other local companies.
See also
Footnote
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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