The ?? ng [??? w ?? m ?? ] VND has been the currency of Vietnam since May 3, 1978. Issued by the State Bank of Vietnam, it is represented by the symbol " ? ". Previously, it was divided into 10 hÃÆ'o , which was subsequently divided into 10 xu , both of which are now used. Since 2012 the use of coins has greatly decreased, and since 2014 coins are generally not accepted in retail, but still will be accepted in some, but not all, banks.
Video Vietnamese ??ng
Etimologi
The word ng is from the term ?? ng ti? N ("money"), loan word from Chinese tÃÆ'³ng qiÃÆ'¡n (Traditional Chinese: simplified Chinese: ??). The term refers to Chinese bronze coins used as currency during the period of Chinese and Vietnamese dynasties. The term hÃÆ' o is a Chinese loan word hÃÆ'¡o (Chinese:?), Which means one tenth of the unit currency. The term xu comes from the French sous which means "penny". Tags encoded U 20AB ? DONG SIGN (HTMLÃ, & amp; # 8363; ).
Maps Vietnamese ??ng
History
North Vietnamese
In 1946, the Viet Minh government (later the North Vietnamese government) introduced its own currency, that is, to replace the French piastre of Indochina at par. Two revolutions followed, in 1951 and 1958; the first is at the level of 100: 1, the second at the level of 1,000: 1.
South Vietnam
Notes in denominations in piastres and ng published in 1953 for the State of Vietnam, which developed into South Vietnam in 1954. On 22 September 1975, after the fall of Saigon, the currency in South Vietnam was changed to "liberation? Ong" worth 500 South old.
United Vietnam
After Vietnam reunited, it also united, on May 3, 1978. A new one equals one North of or 0.8 South "liberation" of.
On September 14, 1985, the value was revalued, with a new ng worth of 10 ng old. It started a chronic cycle of inflation that continued into the early 1990s.
Coins
For a modern Vietnam coin before, please see North Vietnam ng or South Vietnam ng.
First ?? ng
In 1978, aluminum coins (dated 1976), were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, and 5 hours and 1 ng. The coins were printed by the Berlin mint in the Democratic Republic of Germany and bear the state emblem on the front and denominations on the back. Due to chronic inflation, these coins lose all relevant values ​​and no coins are circulated for many years after this series.
Second ?? ng
Warning Issues
Warning coins in copper, brass, copper-nickel, silver, and gold have been issued since 1986, but nothing has ever been used in circulation.
2003 Problem
Bank Negara Vietnam re-issued coins on December 17, 2003. New coins, printed by Mint of Finland, are in denominations of 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 ?? ng either in nickel-plated steel or brass clad steel. Prior to reintroduction, Vietnamese consumers had to exchange paper money with tokens with officers before purchasing items from vending machines. This is also to help countries alleviate the cost of producing large amounts of small denominations that tend to be used hard. Many residents expressed the excitement of seeing coins reappear after years, as well as concerns for the limited use of 200 ng coins due to ongoing inflationary pressures. There are rumors that children misunderstand coins for candy, and some vendors trust them as fakes, because coins have not been used in Vietnam for a long time, but this report is difficult to verify.
Since the launch of the 2003 coin series, Bank Negara has had some difficulty with making universal coin receipts despite termination of some of its smaller notes, to the point of some banks refusing cash coins or cashing in large amounts of coins. This has prompted legislation requiring private and municipal banks to transact and offer services for coins and full termination of small denominations and cotton-based notes.
Banknote
First ?? ng
In 1978, Bank Negara Vietnam ( NgÃÆ'nng ng ÃÆ'ng NhÃÆ'n ?? c Vi? T Nam ) introduced the notes in denominations of 5 hours, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ?? ng dated 1976. In 1980, 2 and 10 records were added, followed by 30 and 100 records in 1981. These records were discontinued in 1985 as they gradually lost value due to inflation and economic instability.
Second ?? ng
In 1985, records were introduced in denominations of 5 hours, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, and 500 ?? ng. When inflation becomes endemic, the first banknote is followed by 200, 1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 ?? ng notes in 1987, with 10,000 and 50,000 ?? ng record in 1990, with 20,000 records in 1991, 100,000? ? ng notes in 1994, a 500,000 ng record in 2003, and 200,000 ?? ng note in 2006. 5000 denominated banknotes ?? ng and below have been discontinued from production, but by 2015 it is still in wide circulation.
Five series of banknotes have emerged. Except for the current series, dated 2003, it all confuses the users, has no integrated theme and coordination in their design. The first table below shows the latest banknotes, from 100 ?? ng or higher, before the current series. On June 7, 2007, the government ordered the termination of cotton issuance of 50,000 and 100,000? note. They were removed from circulation on September 1, 2007. Vietnam State Bank 10,000 and 20,000? cotton notes are no longer outstanding as of January 1, 2013.
In 2003, Vietnam began to replace cotton paper money with plastic polymer banknotes, claiming that this would reduce printing costs. Many newspapers in the country criticized this change, citing the mistakes in printing and alleging that the son of the governor of Bank Negara Vietnam benefited from contract printing. The government suppressed these criticisms by banning two newspapers issuing for a month and considering other sanctions against other newspapers. Although the 2003 series banknotes listed in the table below have now completely replaced the old records of the same denomination, by 2015 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5,000 ng cotton paper bills are still widely circulated and universally accepted.
A 50th anniversary commemorative - banknote dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the State Bank of Vietnam was issued in 2001, but its nominal value is so small that it is clearly intended only for collectors. These notes are available in three forms, by themselves, in the presentation folder or in the presentation folder in envelopes. In 2016, 100 - ng banknotes were issued on cotton - based paper to commemorate the 65th central bank anniversary.
Check carrier 1992-2002
In order to support the growing need of the industry for large money transactions, the State Bank issues a "Carrier Check" or "Bank Settlement Checks" ( NgÃÆ' Phi U U Thanh ToÃÆ'¡n ) in denominations of 100,000 to 5,000,000 ?? ng. To prevent counterfeiting, these records have many levels of protection, their designs are changed every five to six months, and they have an expiration date of five or six months after the date of issue. The checks work until the banking system is upgraded to handle large amounts of electronic transfers à ¢ â,¬ÅÅ , making the majority of cash transactions unnecessary.
Other uses of ?? ng
In Vietnamese, "ng" can be used as a generic term for any currency by adding a country name as a determinant. This practice is more common for more esoteric currency units.
In Vietnam today, m? T ngÃÆ' n / m? T nghìn (a thousand) is widely understood as a thousand of.
Exchange rate
After the Zimbabwe dollar revaluation on August 1, 2006, ng became the least valuable currency unit for months. Around March 21, 2007, the reassessed Zimbabwean dollar regained the least appreciated currency status (in terms of the black market exchange rate), and on September 7, 2007 in terms of official exchange rate. After the use of Zimbabwean dollars ceased on 12 April 2009, ng is the second most valuable currency unit after Iran rial on 28 November 2014. Since June 19, 2014, dong Vietnam has been devalued a total of five times in an effort to help spur exports and to ensure stability currency.
(Source: tradeeconomics.com, imf.org)
See also
- Vietnamese Cash
- VND Index
- Vietnamese economy
References
External links
- Vietnamese Coins and Banknotes and French Indochina
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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